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This study was conducted during the growing season of 2016 in a private orchard at AL-Abbasyia , Najaf Governorate on the local fig cv. Aswod Diala . The trees were sprayingwithamino acids(Amister and Gusto) at concentrations of 500 mg / L each other, Bleed of grape 100% and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum at concentrations of 4% in single way or in combination at 15 march and 15 May,2016 . Results showed that sprayingwithamino acids ,bleed grape and seaweed extracttreatments and their interactions caused a significant increase percentage of leaf area ,total chlorophyll,length of shoots , percentage of carbohydrate in branches , percentage of nitrogen in branches , percentage of carbohydrate / nitrogen in branches , percentage of nitrogen in leaves, percentage of phosphor in leaves, percentage of potassium in leaves ,diameter of fruit , length of fruit , weightof fruit , percentage humidity of fruit , percentage dray matter of fruit, number of days to ripening ,percentage of total soluble sold , fruit firmnessand total yield of trees compared with control treatment . There were significant differences between above mentioned treatments. TheBleed of grape was more effective than amino acids(Amister and Gusto) and seaweed in that respect , but the combination of amino acids(Amister and Gusto) , Bleed of grape and seaweed gave the best results in the treatment ( Am + Gu+Bg + Bs) for the season of experiment.

Phlorotannins, C-based defence compounds in brown seaweeds, show a high degree of spatial and temporal vari-ation within seaweed species. One important model explaining this variation is the Carbon Nutrient Balance Model (CNBM), which states that the relative supply of carbon and limiting nutrients will determine the level of defence compounds in plants. Nitrogen is often considered to be the limiting nutrient for marine macroalgal growth and the CNBM thus predicts that when the carbon:nitrogen ratio is high, photosynthetically fixed carbon will be allocated to production of phlorotannins. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of light (i.e. carbon) and nitrogen on the phlorotannin content of two intertidal brown seaweeds, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. This was done in an observational field study, as well as in a manipulative experiment where plants from habitats with different light regimes were subjected to different nitrogen and light treatments, and their phlorotannin content was measured after 14 days. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between tissue nitrogen and phlorotannin content in natural populations of F. vesiculosus, but not in A. nodosum. In the short term, the phlorotannin content in both algal species was not affected by changes in nitrogen availability. Exposure to sunlight had a positive effect on the phlorotannin content in natural populations of both algal species but, in the manipulative experiment, only F. vesiculosus showed a rapid response to changes in light intensities. Plants subjected to sunlight contained higher phlorotannin content than shaded plants. In conclusion, the results imply that nitrogen availability explains some of the natural variation in the phlorotannin content of F. vesiculosus, but the light environment has greater importance than nitrogen availability in predicting the phlorotannin content of each species.

The Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is a freshwater crustacean aquacultured in many countries. Redclaw crayfish are often exposed to saline waters in attempts to improve flavor, to relieve stress during transport, and to prevent or treat parasitic infestations. However, the effect of salinity on the crayfish osmoregulatory process is not well studied. In the present work, we assessed the effect of various salinities on survival, growth, and osmoregulation in redclaw crayfish. Adult crayfish were maintained at seven salinities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 ppt) for 4 weeks, and hemolymph osmolality, gill sodium potassium ATPase activity, and sodium potassium chloride cotransporter expression were assessed. In another experiment, juvenile crayfish were size sorted to similar weights and stocked at four salinities (0, 2, 4, and 6 ppt) for 8 weeks. The animals were group weighed every 2 weeks and individually weighed at the end of the eighth week. Hemolymph osmolality was constant as salinity increased from 0 to 10 ppt then a significant increase was observed at 12 ppt. Redclaw growth rate decreased with an increase in salinity from 0 to 6 ppt. Sodium potassium ATPase activity and sodium potassium chloride cotransporter expression increased with salinity increase. Although salinity might help treat ectoparasites, improve taste, and reduce transportation stress, long-term exposure increases osmoregulatory metabolic costs and affects growth and energy consumption.