Crop production systems have adopted cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices to improve crop yields and the quality of food derived from plants. Approaches such as genetic selection and the creation of varieties displaying favorable traits such as disease and drought resistance have been used in the past and continue to be used. However, the use of biostimulants to promote plant growth has increasingly gained attention, and the market size for biostimulants is estimated to reach USD 4.14 billion by 2025. Plant biostimulants are products obtained from different inorganic or organic substances and microorganisms that can improve plant growth and productivity and abate the negative effects of abiotic stresses. They include materials such as protein hydrolysates, amino acids, humic substances, seaweed extracts and food or industrial waste-derived compounds. Fish processing waste products have potential applications as plant biostimulants. This review gives an overview of plant biostimulants with a focus on fish protein hydrolysates and legislation governing the use of plant biostimulants in agriculture.
Digital library
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PDF on fish, feeds, and food security.
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By increasing the biological productivity of the vast ocean waters, which cover 3/4 of the Earth’s surface, photosynthesis could remove a lot of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to control global warming.
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Marking calcified structures with fluorochromes is done in a variety of vertebrate andinvertebrate species to tag individuals for growth, population,and ecological studies. Here, wedescribe the use of the fluorochrome tetracycline to identify hatchery reared green sea urchinsreleased on-bottom onto two aquaculture leases known as Job andSloop, located in the Gulf ofMaine, USA. This was done to examine the viability of sea ranching and stock enhancement bylooking at recovery rates and growth of reseeded juveniles overthe course of two years. 21,000hatchery reared green sea urchin juveniles (Strongylocentrotusdroebachiensis) were markedwith the fluorochrome tetracycline when they were at 10 - 20 mmtest diameter, and releasedonto 400m2study areas located at each lease. Juveniles from the same hatchery cohort weresimultaneously reared in a land-based recirculating aquaculturesystem so that sea ranching couldbe compared with tank farming. The release areas were surveyedby SCUBA divers at 3-5 monthintervals for over two years. Urchins were collected from the field, measured, and dissected toremove the jaw structures, which were then examined with fluorescence microscopy. Tetracyclinefluorescence was detected for up to 27 months post-release in recaptured urchins. Numbers ofrecaptured marked urchins fluctuated overtime, causing large variability in population survivalestimates for each site at each sample interval. Size measurements of recaptured urchins showeda decline in average test diameter at the Job site, but at theSloop site average test diameterincreased during the two year study. Green sea urchins from thesame hatchery cohort rearedin a land-based tank system had significantly better growth thanthose recaptured from eitherlease site. Environmental factors, rather than genetic factors(hatchery source), were likely thecause of the size differences observed between hatchery seed recaptured from the lease sites andthose reared in tank culture. Site factors may have resulted insize dependant mortality and/orout-migration of larger urchins. One of the limitations of themark/recapture approach with seaurchins is that dive surveys need to expand over time to account for urchin movement away fromthe release area. Given the high cost of such efforts, this maynot be practical or cost effective.Because the marked jaw structures were internally located, it was not possible to identify markedsea urchins in the field, and the animals had to besacrificed for laboratory analysis. Recentadvances in fluorochrome marking and visualization could allowfield identification of markedurchins. This would enhance the ability of resource managers toevaluate restocking programs inthe Gulf of Maine, as well as to assign provenance or ownershipof sea ranched urchins.
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Industry With a Long History in Norway
1939 AS Spesialimpregnering starts in Drammen. Production of life vests, then other products like alginate. Seaweed from Drammensfjorden and Oslofjorden
1959 AS Protan acquire the textile plant Vormedal Fabrikker in Karmøy kommune
1961 Production of alginate starts in Vormedal
1964 Mechanical harvesting of seaweed starts, without cutting from 1972
1980 Norsk Hydro AS acquires Protan Biopolymer AS
1996 Pronova Biomedical (NovaMatrix) is established
1996 Algea splits out from Pronova
1999 FMC Corporation acquires Pronova Biopolymer AS
2008 FMC Corporation acquires ISP Alginates in Girvan, Scotland
2012 Investing 70+MNOK to expand one production line in Vormedal
2013 FMC Health and Nutrition acquires EPAX in Ålesund – manufacturer of Omega3 fish oil (1.8 BNOK)
2014 FMC announces plans to invest 500MNOK in the Vormedal plant over the next years
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Food from the Oceans is the first Evidence Review Report published by the SAPEA consortium. SAPEA is an integral part of the European Scientific Advice Mechanism (SAM) and this report demonstrates the outstanding commitment and knowledge of experts who were nominated by academies and learned societies. Interdisciplinarity and world-class expertise from across Europe are SAPEA’s core strengths. We assembled two international working groups for Food from the Oceans, covering both the natural sciences and the humanities/social sciences. We were delighted with SAPEA’s collaboration with the High-Level Group of Scientific Advisers (HLG), which has proved so effective in Food from the Oceans. Our Evidence Review Report informs the Scientific Opinion of the HLG. They are published together, and the aim is for them to be used by the European Commission in planning and policymaking across a range of areas. Academia Europaea performed the role of Lead Academy for the Food from the Oceans Evidence Review Report. It acted as project manager, ensuring that deadlines were met, and outputs were of the highest quality standard. By working well with academies and experts we have met all milestones leading up to and including the final deliverable, the Evidence Review Report itself. We also took a novel approach to public engagement, with encouraging results. In Food from the Oceans, we believe we have established an attractive model for future SAPEA projects. We would like to thank everyone involved in making Food from the Oceans a success and express our sincere gratitude to those who have worked hard throughout 2017.
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Food Outlook is a biannual publication (May/June and November/December) focusing on developments affecting global food ad feed markets. The sub-title "Global Market Analysis" reflects this focus on developments in international markets, with comprehensive assessments and forecasts on a commodity by commodity basis. Food Outlook maintains a close synergy with another majore GIEWS publication, Crop Prospects and Food Situation, especially with regard to the coverage of cereals. Food Outlook is available in English, French, Spanish and Chinese.
Global food prices seem to have stabilized at a relatively high level of around 214 points as measured by the FAO Food Price Index. Although the outlook for the second half of this year and into the next indicates generally improved supplies, demand remains strong and the global food import bill in 2012 is expected to fall only slightly from the 2011 record.
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As society reaches the limits of available farmland and accessible irrigation water, many countries have turned to international markets to help meet domestic food demand. Imports of grain worldwide have increased more than fivefold between 1960 and 2013. However, importing food as a response to resource scarcity creates dependence on global markets, writes Gary Gardner, director of publications at the Worldwatch Institute, in the Institute's latest Vital Signs Online article (www.worldwatch.org).
"In 2013, more than a third of the world's nations---77 in all---imported at least a quarter of the major grains they needed. This compares to just 49 countries in 1961," writes Gardner. "Meanwhile, the number of grain-exporting countries expanded by just 6 between 1961 and 2013."4
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Using brown seaweed kelp species Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata as feedstocks, a set of pilot-scale macroalgae processing batches were conducted (50–200 kg per batch) for the production of a range of food-grade liquid and solid fractions. The aim of this communication is to relay a number of lessons learnt during this period in combination with previous relevant observations and considerations for others who are intending to process macroalgae at scale. The novelty of this paper is thus to form a bridge between academic findings and practical knowhow. Considerations covers material diversity; abiotic and biotic impact and variation; and supply chain considerations. Observations covers milling and cutting; equipment requirements; and acids including their effects on heavy metals, especially lead. Recommendations summarises key points from this pilot-scale and previous work. These include: harvest seasonality, water quality and proximity to processing facilities; minimising contaminants within the macroalgae such as stones and shells; considering equipment composition and volume for all steps and processes including final product quality; acid choice and its effects on both the equipment used and the metals bioaccumulated within the macroalgae.
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Recent molecular studies indicate that the Pyropia lanceolata species complex on the west coast of North America is more speciose than previously thought. Based on extensive rbcL gene sequencing of representative specimens we recognize seven species in the complex, three of which are newly described: Py. montereyensis sp. nov., Py. columbiensis sp. nov., and Py. protolanceolata sp. nov. Th e new species are all lanceolate, at least when young, and occur in the upper mid to high intertidal zone primarily in winter and early spring. Pyropia montereyensis and Py. columbiensis are sister taxa that are distributed south and north of Cape Mendocino, respectively, and both occur slightly lower on the shore than Py. lanceolata or Py. pseudolanceolata. Pyropia protolanceolata is known thus far only from Morro Rock and the Monterey Peninsula, California; it occurs basally to the other species in the complex in the molecular phylogeny. A fourth newly described species, Pyropia bajacaliforniensis sp. nov., is more closely related to Py. nereocystis than to species in this complex proper. It is a thin species with undulate margins known only from Moss Landing, Monterey Bay, California, and northern Baja California; it also occurs in the high intertidal in spring. Porphyra mumfordii, a high intertidal winter species that has frequently been confused with species in the Py. lanceolata complex, has now been confi rmed to occur from Calvert Island, British Columbia, to Pescadero State Park, California.
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Marine Agronomy Group, CAFNRM, UH-Hilo
200 W. Kawili st., HI 96720, USA
Contact: Marine.Agronomy.Group@gmail.com
Funding for this web portal is provided by the World Wildlife Fund and the University of Hawaii-Hilo.