Data collected on the commercial exploitation of seaweeds from the natural seaweed beds of Tamilnadu during 4 years period from 2000 to 2003 showed that the quantity of agarophytes viz. Gelidiella acerosa, Gracilaria edulis, G.crassa, G.foliifera and G.verrucosa varied from 965 to 15 18 tonnes (dry wt) and alginophytes Sargassum spp and Turbinaria spp from 1433 to 2285 tonnes (dry wt) per year. The commercial harvest of seaweeds in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay is recommended only during the peak growth period of the algae from July 1 August to January. The harvest of commercially important seaweeds in a rational way from other parts of Indian coast, Lakshadweep and Andaman-Nicobar Islands is suggested. The need for large scale cultivation of agarophytes to augment the resources and uninterrupted supply of raw materials to the seaweed industries is emphasised.
Digital library
-
-
The survey of marine algal resources conducted by CMFRI along Tamil Nadu coast during 1971-76. The standing crop from the total area of 17,125 ha was estimated at 22,044 tonnes (wet wt.), consisting of 1,709 tonnes of agarophytes, 10,266 tonnes of alginophytes and 10,069 tonnes of other seaweeds. The resources of the commercially important species are 74 tonnes of Gelidiella acerosa, 914 tonnes of Gracilaria spp., 798 tonnes of Hypnea spp., 9,381 tonnes of Sargassum spp. and 714 tonnes of Turbinaria spp. The year to year fluctuation in the quantity of alginophytes landed was due to the variation in the demand of the major algin producing industries based on their supply orders for sodium alginate.
-
Uncle Wally Ito is passionate about limu, or seaweed. He says limu has always been an integral part of Hawaiian culture, with uses in food, medicine, and religious ceremonies. In a traditional Hawaiian diet, limu was the third component of a nutritionally balanced diet along with fish and poi, providing an important source of minerals and vitamins. Limu, such as wawae‘iole (Codium edule), manauea (Gracilaria coronopifolia), ele‘ele (Ulva prolifera), kohu (Asparagopsis taxiformis), and līpoa (Dictyopteris plagiogramma), are still a common ingredient in many Hawaiian dishes, adding flavor and spice to poke and stews. “At one time there were countless diferent limu that were being consumed in Hawai‘i,” Uncle Wally says. “Today, we would be hard pressed to get a list of 20. So we’ve lost that knowledge of many kinds of limu.”
-
The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.
-
Currently, sludge is not considered as a waste any more, since it is capable of producing valuable products. Besides land disposal and thermochemical processes (i.e. pyrolysis, combustion, gasification), biological processes appear as promising valorisation routes to treat wastewater sludge efficiently. Anaerobic digestion (AD) processes are already being applied at industrial scales for the effective disposal and valorisation of sludge. However, methane yields from sludge anaerobic digestion remain low compared to other types of organic waste. Thus, pretreatment and co-digestion contribute to improve the degradability of organic matter and methane potential of sludge, respectively. This paper reviews the recent achievements in sludge pretreatment and codigestion with other substrates such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, fatty waste, lignocellulosic and algal biomass. Furthermore, recent studies combining co-digestion and pretreatment are examined. The paper also provides recommendations to better manage sludge recovery by taking into account multiple aspects such as techno-economic feasibility, the effect of pretreatment on both the physico-chemical properties of sludge and the quality of digestate. The socio-environmental and legislative aspects are also essential in order to ensure the sustainability of the process.
-
Seaweed is consumed as part of the traditional diet in Southeast Asia and has been shown to have the potential to prevent several chronic diseases. Recent studies have focused on the relationships between the components contained in seaweed and their usefulness for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review describes the protective effects of seaweed components on vascular endothelial cell damage and its prophylactic role against CVD. Information on clinical trials (e.g., randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses) was obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, by searching for studies on the usefulness of seaweed consumption by humans and seaweed constituents. In addition, the CVD-related effects of the components contained in seaweed were analyzed based on information from cellular and animal models. Seaweed has been shown to have preventive effects on CVDs, such as arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Furthermore, researchers have clarified the mechanisms through which the components contained in seaweed prevent damage to vascular endothelial cells and alleviate arteriosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. In particular, fucoidan, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, and phlorotannin have been shown to exert potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby contributing to CVD prevention by protecting vascular endothelial cells. Components contained in seaweed may prevent damage to vascular endothelial cells and block the development of CVD. The protective effects of the components contained in these seaweeds against vascular endothelial dysfunction suggest that consumption of seaweed may have applications in the prevention of CVDs.
-
Net primary production (NPP) of 10 commonly available seaweeds varied from 2 to 10 g C/m3/day. The NPP of Enteromorpha compressa and Hypnea valentiae were the highest and that of Caulerpapeltata was the lowest. The mean of NPP of these 10 seaweeds when measured individually was 5.68 g C/m3/d and that of all seaweeds incubated collectively registered 5.32 g C/m3/d. Hence it is presumed that the probable rate of NPP of seaweed community contributing to Minicoy lagoon is approximately 5g/C/m3/d. Except for C.peltata E.compressa and Gelidiella acerosa. The NPP of other species was higher at bottom than at the surface of the lagoon. The results obtained are discussed in the light of distribution of seaweed in Minicoy Lagoon.
-
Clearly stating the goals of stocking builds an essential platform for success. The scales, methodologies, management and time frames of the interventions can then be matched to the original goals. Stock enhancement, restocking and sea ranching will involve different stocking strategies. The genetic risks to wild stocks must be minimised by preventing translocation of juvenile sea cucumbers to different locations than those where broodstock were collected, unless studies show broad genetic homogeneity of the stock. Cultured juveniles are easily marked by immersion in a fluorochrome solution (e.g. tetracycline or calcein), which provides a long-term, unequivocal means of distinguishing hatchery-produced animals from wild conspecifics. Use of open sea pens is an experimental tool that provides better estimates of early stocking success. Juvenile density can be assessed by searching through sand and mud in quadrats by hand, whereas sub-adults and adults can be surveyed visually in transects with a stratified arrangement. Proponents of sea cucumber stocking in the wild should be conservative and realistic about the expected returns; 1 in 5–10 (10–20%) of released juvenile sea cucumbers surviving to market size is a benchmark. Clear goals, use of existing technology, and realistic expectations in sea ranching and restocking of sea cucumbers will provide the foundation for success.
-
Efficient management of mass algal cultures requires appreciation of the most important factors governing the light regime of the average cell, i.e. the interrelationships between the intensity of the light source - never the sole factor involved in mass culture productivity - and the optimal cell density affected by the optical path. The latter is a dominant factor in photosynthetic productivity of ultra high cell density cultures (UHDC) cultured in flat plate reactors. Indeed, a very short optical path (5-10 mm) permits a most efficient use of strong light by facilitating ultra-high cell densities (ca. 10-20 g dry cell mass I-I), in which the condensed cells are exposed to very high frequency light/dark cycles. Another important feature of dense cultures concerns the very small but highly efficient light dose available to cells under extreme mutual shading. The low productivity of the single cell in the culture is well compensated, in terms of culture productivity, by the high culture cell mass exposed to very high frequency light/dark cycles. The combined effects of all these factors result in high efficiency of strong light-use for photosynthesis. UHDC are associated with growth inhibition which represents a severe production obstacle. Once this aspect is better understood and managed, UHDC in ultra short optical path reactors may become a useful production mode of photoautotrophic cell mass and secondary metabolites.
-
From August 18-21, 2015 Tual State Fisheries Polytechnic was pleased to host The First biannual “International Conference On Applied Marine Science and Fisheries Technology (MSFT) 2015” with main theme “Enforcing Sustainable Development of Marine Resources of Small Island”. MSFT 2015 was held in Langgur, Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency, Indonesia. The Organizing Committee was pleased to note that the event gained significant interest, With over 40 National and International speakers from, Australia, United States of America, Sweden, Denmark, Malaysia, German and France and Indonesia from 22 institutions around te world as well as 31 oral presenters 18 poster presentations during 4 panel sessions. The conference hosted six keynote presentations. Dr. Zainal Arifin (Indoneisia) “Potential of Marine Pollution from Oil and Gas Industries in Eastern Indonesia and Its Prevention Efforts”, Prof. Les Christidis (Australia) presented “Incorporating diversity in aquaculture approaches as a way of future proofing the sustainable development of marine resources of small islands”, Prof. Laszlo Szekely, MD, PhD (Sweden) presented “Do we need thousand new anti-cancer drugs and can we find them in the sea?”, Assoc.Prof. Fil.Dr Tomas Cedhagen (Denmark) presented “Environmental Monitoring Through next-generation sequence Metabarcoding: Assessing The Impact of Fish Farming on bentchic macro and meiofauna communities”, Prof. Hans Glise, MD, PhD (Sweden) presented “Monetizing Marine Biodiversity for Economic Development in a Sustainable way” and Dr. Andreas Kunzmann (Germany) presented “Improving Seaweed Farmers Livelihoods Through Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) and High Quality Seaweed Processing” We wish to express our gratutide to sponsors that generously assisted the work of MSFT 2015, Bank Mandiri, Bank Modern and Bank BRI. The organizing committee was delighted with the success of the conference, and wishes to note that the conference would not have occurred without the efforts of the many members of the committee, who gave generously of their time. Finally, editors have worked hard to review and edited all papers of MSFT Proceeding and we apologize if there are still any shortcoming and it will be our valuable evaluation for better work in coming years. We thank all authors and participants for their contributions.
Pages
Marine Agronomy Group, CAFNRM, UH-Hilo
200 W. Kawili st., HI 96720, USA
Contact: Marine.Agronomy.Group@gmail.com
Funding for this web portal is provided by the World Wildlife Fund and the University of Hawaii-Hilo.