A 3-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological model system (SINMOD) was used to estimate the full-scale cultivation potential of the brown alga Saccharina latissima in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) with Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. A previously developed model for the frond size and composition (carbon and nitrogen content) of S. latissima sporophytes was adjusted to data from an outdoor mesocosm growth experiment and then coupled and run online with the 3-dimensional model system. Results from simulations were compared with data from an IMTA field experiment, providing partial validation of the hydrodynamic-ecological-kelp model system. The model system was applied to study the large-scale cultivation potential of S. latissima in IMTA with salmon and to quantify its seasonal bioremediation potential. The results suggest a possible yield of 75 t fresh weight S. latissima ha(-1) in 4 mo (February to June) and about 170 t fresh weight ha(-1) in 10 mo (August to June). The results further suggest that the net nitrogen consumption of a 1 ha S. latissima installation in the vicinity of a fish farm producing approximately 5000 t salmon in a production cycle is about 0.36 (0.15) t NH4+-N, or a removal of 0.34% (0.41%) of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen effluent with a cultivation period from August (February) to June. Due to the differing seasonal growth patterns of fish and kelp, there was a mismatch between the maximum effluent of NH4+-N from the fish farm and the maximum uptake rates in S. latissima.
Digital library
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Rapid worldwide development of marine finfish cage farming has raised awareness over the possible genetic and ecological effects of escaped fish on wild populations. With increased interest in implementation of marine aquaculture in the United States, NOAA Fisheries and other regulators charged with stewardship of marine ecosystems need tools to understand and mitigate risks presented by aquaculture escapees. To develop anunderstanding of genetic and ecological effects of escapes and design management strategies to address potential risks to marine resources, NOAA Fisheries has developed a numerical decision-support tool: the Off-shore Mariculture Escapes Genetics/Ecological Assessment (OMEGA) model. The OMEGA model is an extension of concepts from another model, the All-H Analyzer (AHA) that is used successfully in the U.S. Pacific Northwest to evaluate genetic and ecological interactions between hatchery and wild salmon and trout. OMEGA model input parameters include size and growth characteristics of cultured fish, frequency and magnitude of escape events, survival of escapees in the wild, probability of escapees encountering a conspecific natural population and interbreeding,and population dynamics of the natural population. Model results describe the influence of aquaculture escapees on spawning biomass, juvenile production, andgenetic fitness of the composite population. Effects of interactions on fitness and abundance are based on the frequency and relativeabundance of cultured fish that escape and survive to encounter a natural population, the difference in survival characteristics between the artificial and the natural environments, and the genetic legacy of the cultured and natural populations. NOAA Fisheries is using the OMEGA model to identify and evaluate risks of marine aquaculture operations, design sustainable aquaculture programs, explore the effects of regulation, and identify research priorities for areas of uncertainty. This talk will describe the model and present results for a hypothetical sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) culture program along the U.S. West Coast. We are interested in speaking with any and all individuals interested in collaborating on the further development of the model, applying the model to other species of interest such as rockfish(Sebastes spp.), yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), or any other aquaculture candidate species, and to identify opportunities to validate model results.
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A PDF presentation on "Microalgae Production and Their Use in Animal Feeds".
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Fossil fuel depletion and global warming are key issues to look for renewable and eco friendly sources of energy. Currently, microalgae are gaining increasing interest as a feedstock for production of bio fuels. The reasons for this are their renewability, higher photosynthesis efficiency, high lipid content, biodegradability, and non competition for farmlands and generating acceptable quality exhaust gases. This paper presents an overview of various perspectives of microalgal biofuels as a renewable source of energy.
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Among the red algae, Kappaphycus and Eucheuma are the two most commercially important carrageenophytes farmed extensively in Southeast Asian countries; they rank top in production in terms of volume of raw material produced. The farming of carrageenophytes has emerged as a successful enterprise and provides a promising, alternative livelihood option for low-income, coastal communities in a number of countries. In 2014, carrageenophyte production worldwide, surpassed other red seaweeds and was placed at the top of the production rankings with 10.99 million MT wet weight (77% of total production of farmed red seaweed) and Indonesia being a major producer. However, over time, the productivity of the crop (carrageenophytes) has declined in some regions due to sourcing of seedlings from single, selected genetic stocks considered to have higher yield potential which resulted in strain fatigue, or loss of vigour. The incidences of disease and epiphytic infestations are on rise in recent times which have severely affected biomass production, as well as the yield and product quality (carrageenan). In order to circumvent the crop productivity issues arising from clonal propagation, the raising of planting materials from spores, derived through the red algal sexual reproductive cycle, has been initiated to support the sustainability of selected, farmed carrageenophytes. Alternatively, in vitro tissue culture techniques have also been explored to not only rejuvenate the vigour of seedlings (i.e. the out-planting material) but also to seek seedlings resilient to stress, disease and epiphytes to act as an invigorated mother stock. These efforts have succeeded to a great extent in the development of appropriate techniques for explant culture, callus induction, callus sub-culture and regeneration to micro-propagules with improved traits. The present chapter briefly summarizes the developments and success achieved in micro-propagation of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma and also provides pointers to both gaps and priority areas for future research required for the advancement of sustainable farming of these carrageenophytes.
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The Michigan Sea Grant Management Team began working on our Strategic Plan in February 2016 by first consulting with members of the Advisory Committee. In July 2016, the Management Team facilitated a program-‐‑wide retreat to elicit staff input to the plan. At the retreat, staff members discussed a number of initiatives related to the national focus areas and how these initiatives will address the needs of our Michigan constituents. Input from a stakeholder survey (see below), Advisory Committee, Management Team, and program staff was considered and aligned to the planning guidelines from the National Sea Grant College Program to develop this plan.
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India has vast experience in implementing the rural employment generation programmes after independence. In 2006, India launched a flagship programme called MGNREGS further it was transferred into the MGNREGA. This programme aims to providing 100 days of employment to rural households, it made a lot of positive economic aspects of rural households based on this background this paper is examine the MGNREGA’S Impact on Income and Employment in Seaweeds cultivating Households in Pamban Village of Ramanthapuram District of Tamil Nadu. This study undertaken in 2019-2020, the primary data were collected from 100 households, the households were selected randomly. The best performing village from the block was selected and the analysis has used simple percentage and average methods to find the variations in the sample household’s data. Both quantitative and qualitative surveys have been conducted for this study. The study results show that the MGNREGA has created more employment days and the earnings of households have also increased. Majority of the respondents participated in the programme and particularly, a higher percentage of female respondents worked in this scheme. It is found that the average number of days of employment have increased after the introduction of MGNREGA. It is also clear that with the implementation of the MGNREGA scheme, the income has significantly increased to all the participating households, and the monthly expenditure has increased constantly. The impact on income resulted to increased savings, repayment of loans and ultimately reduction in indebtedness. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a positive impact on employment, wages and income generation after the implementation of MGNREGA. To be continuously successful, a sustained monitoring and social audit of the scheme is inevitable.
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Along the German North Sea coast, the observed high spatial competition of stakeholders has encouraged the idea of integrating open ocean aquaculture in conjunction with offshore wind farms beyond the 12 miles zone. The article provides an overview on the current state of transdisciplinary research on a potential implementation of such a multifunctional use concept on a showcase basis, covering biological, technical, economic and social/policy aspects as well as private–public partnerships and the relevant institutional bodies. We show that the cultivation of seaweeds and blue mussels is biologically and technically feasible in a high-energy environment using modiWed cultivation strategies. The point of departure of our multi-use concept was that the solid groundings of wind turbines could serve as attachment points for the aquaculture installations and become the key to the successful commercial cultivation of any offshore aquatic organism. However, spaces in between the turbines are also attractive for farming projects, since public access is restricted and thus the cultivation site protected from outside inXuences. An economic analysis of diVerent operation scenarios indicates that the market price and the annual settlement success of juvenile mussels are the main factors that determine the breakeven point. Social and policy science research reveals that the integration of relevant actors into the development of a multi-use concept for a wind farm-mariculture interaction is a complex and controversial issue. Combining knowledge and experience of wind farm planners as well as mussel Wshermen and mariculturists within the framework of national and EU policies is probably the most important component for designing and developing an eVective offshore co-management regime to limit the consumption of ocean space.
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Seaweed cultivation is a growth market worldwide. Seaweed has multiple uses and is a promising resource to contribute to the societal challenges of food security and climate change in the future. However, the mechanisation of seaweed cultivation is essential for further growth, especially in Europe or comparable regions with high labor costs. This development is comparable to the mechanisation of land based agriculture which started with the Industrial Revolution. The seaweed industry will make a similar transition from small scale artisanal cultivation to large scale fully mechansised farming, and we expect this to happen withing the timespan of a few decades. This is going to take place at sea, in the hostile marine environment, and it has to take place in a sustainable way. IHC adressses this formidable challenge from its strenghts and maritime engineering background. Seaweed cultivation mechanisation knowledge is being developed and and combined with our profound understanding of marine engineering. This is necessary in order to realise equipment which fullJls its harvesting functionalities and survive the unforgiving sea environment. IHC MTI, the R&D centre of Royal IHC, has developed a Jrst prototype harvesting machine and tested it to try out and understand harvesting principles and also to demonstrate the potential of mechanised harvesting. The initial prototype realises a cost reduction of 50% and harvesting time reduction of 90%, even at this early stage without impeding sustainability aspects. This presentation exhibits the results of the initial trials with the harvesting prototype. In addition we adress the next steps and technological challenges to achieve mechanised seaweed farming.
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Marine Agronomy Group, CAFNRM, UH-Hilo
200 W. Kawili st., HI 96720, USA
Contact: Marine.Agronomy.Group@gmail.com
Funding for this web portal is provided by the World Wildlife Fund and the University of Hawaii-Hilo.