Since 2011, Dr. Charles Yarish and colleagues have experimented with growing seaweed on long lines at the head of New York's Bronx River Estuary, along with ribbed mussels suspended from a raft. They have raised a summer crop of the native red seaweed, Gracilaria tikvahiae, that grew up to 16.5% a day in July and a winter crop of sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima, that grew up to 8 feet in six months. Yarish says he has been surprised by the profigious growth in an area with low salinity and an overload of "a suite of nutrients" from a nearby waste water treatment plant and non-point runoff from the land and river.