Environment-enhancing algal biofuel production using wastewaters

Abstract: 

The potential of algae-based biofuels to replace petroleum fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas production through microalgal photosynthesis has long been recognized. However, currently there are no commercial algae-to-fuels technologies that can overcome techno-economic barriers and address serious sustainability concerns. Coupling microalgae cultivation with wastewater treatment is considered as one of the most promising routes to produce bio-energy and bio-based byproducts in an economically viable and environmentally friendly way. This paper critically reviews the current status of this specific niche research area covering utilization of different types of wastewaters as media for algae cultivation, microalgae selection, bioreactor type, cultivation mode, environmental factors and operational parameters as well as harvesting techniques and production of a broad spectrum of biofuels and byproducts through various conversion pathways. Future development of practical solutions to key problems and integration of advanced algae cultivation and wastewater treatment, and system analysis approach to the evaluation of economic feasibility and sustainability of wastewater-based algal biofuel production are also discussed in depth.

Author(s): 
Wenguang Zhou
Paul Chen
Min Min
Xiaochen Ma
Jinghan Wang
Richard Griffith
Fida Hussain
Pu Peng
Qinglong Xie
Yun Li
Jian Shi
Jianzong Meng
Roger Ruan
Keywords: 
Biofuel
Life cycle analysis
Microalgae
Sustainable development
Techno-economic assessment
Wastewater resources
Article Source: 
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 36, August 2014, Pages 256-269
Category: 
Economics
Processing methods
Uses of Seaweeds: Fuel or Energy